Page 64 - ECBIP 2021_Program
P. 64

6th European Congress ECBIP 15 - 17
  Book of Abstracts
for Bronchology and
Interventional Pulmonology ATHENS - GREECE 2021
OCTOBER
 MODERATED e-POSTER SESSION 05:
Imaging,Guiding,Training and Navigation modalities
        FABRICATION OF MULTIMODAL LUNG TRAINING PHANTOMS FOR BRONCHOSCOPY AND EBUS
Efthymios Maneas1,2, Eleanor Mackle1,2, Neal Navani3,4, Adrien Desjardins1,2
1 Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
2 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom 3 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
4 Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
     PP34
    Introduction: Tissue-mimicking phantoms are essential for clinical training of bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) procedures. Considerable training is required to acquire the necessary skills and attain proficiency with navigation and ultrasound image interpretation. Phantoms replicate aspects of human anatomy, so they are well- suited for training of practitioners. However, phantoms that are compatible with bronchoscopy and EBUS have significant limitations that preclude widespread use. Firstly, they lack key anatomical features such as lymph nodes; secondly, they lack realistic acoustic properties required for EBUS; finally, they can be prohibitively expensive. In this study, a new framework for fabricating low-cost, anatomically realistic EBUS phantoms for clinical training is presented.This framework includes the use of readily-available materials, freely-available software, and inexpensive 3D printing techniques, to create phantoms from anonymised patient data.
Methods: Anatomical structures were extracted from anonymised patient Computed Tomography (CT) data using freely- available software (3D Slicer with semi-automatic segmentation method implemented).The segmented structures were then imported into Computer Aided Design (CAD) software (Autodesk Meshmixer and Fusion360) for post-processing and mould generation. Moulds of each structure were subsequently 3D-printed and used to cast the tissue-mimicking material (TMM). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as a TMM due to its favourable ultrasound, non-toxic, and low-cost properties.Additives were added to the PVA to alter its ultrasound properties and allow for differentiation between tissue structures. Finally, structures to mimic lymph nodes and blood vessels were placed adjacent to the bronchial tree. Ultrasound imaging was performed with concurrent needle insertions (22G).
Results: The fabricated EBUS phantoms had realistic ultrasonic appearances, as compared with clinical EBUS images. Blood vessels and lymph node structures could be readily differentiated from each other and the surrounding TMM. In particular, blood vessels appeared as anechoic; lymph node structures were hypoechoic relative to the surrounding TMM, which had a speckled appearance. Sufficient needle visualisation was achieved, and the phantoms displayed self- healing properties so that needle tracks were no longer visible after withdrawal.
Conclusion: This study addresses a prominent gap in Respiratory Medicine with a new framework for fabricating anatomically realistic lung phantoms.As demonstrated in this study,this framework will lead to low-cost,high-performance lung phantoms for bronchoscopy and EBUS, with designs that are readily customised and shared across the community.
64 6th European Congress for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology
  
















































































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